Xaaladda Dhabta ah ee Adeegyada Daryeelka Degdegga ah Emergency and Critical Care ee Soomaaliya: Daraasad Cusub oo Muujinaysa Caqabado iyo Fursado
- Abdishakur Mohamud Hassan Hidigow
- Jun 8
- 5 min read
Updated: Jun 29
Adeegyada caafimaad ee degdegga ah (Emergency and Critical Care – ECC) waa laf-dhabarta nidaamka caafimaadka casriga ah, gaar ahaan marka la eego xaaladaha halista ah sida shilalka, wadne xanuunada, iyo dhibaatooyinka dhalmada. Soomaaliya, oo muddo dheer la daalaa dhaceysay dhibaatooyin amni, dhaqaale, iyo kuwo bulsho, waxaa si qaran ah daraasad muhiim ah looga sameeyay adeegyada degdegga ah ee isbitaallada guud, iyadoo la adeegsanayo qalabkii qiimeynta ee WHO Hospital Emergency Unit Assessment Tool.
Daraasaddan oo la sameeyey sanadka 2025, waxaa fuliyeen koox cilmi-baarayaal caalami ah (Njiru et al., 2025), waxayna iftiimisay xaalad aad u adag oo la xiriirta tayada iyo helitaanka adeegyada degdegga ah ee Soomaaliya. Waxaa daraasadda laga helay xog muhiim ah oo tilmaamaysa baahida weyn ee loo qabo dib-u-habeyn iyo maalgelin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyo nidaamka caafimaadka degdegga ah ee dalka.
⚠️ Maxaa Daraasadda Lagu Ogaaday ku Saabsan Emergency and Critical Care Soomaaliya?
Daraasadda waxay shaaca ka qaaday dhowr qodob oo si toos ah u saameeya awoodda isbitaallada Soomaaliyeed ee bixinta adeegyada degdegga ah:
Nidaamka caafimaadka oo kala daadsan: Isku xirnaan la’aanta xarumaha caafimaad waxay keentay in bukaannada xaaladaha degdegga ah qaba aysan si degdeg ah u helin daryeel habboon. Xarumaha caafimaadku ma wadaagaan xog, loona samayn nidaam wax ku ool ah oo kala gudbinta bukaanka ah.
Qalab caafimaad oo xaddidan: Qaybaha degdegga ah ee isbitaallada intooda badan kama helaysid qalab muhiim ah sida oxygen concentrators, ventilators, ECG machines ama xitaa sedyaha degdegga ah.
Shaqaale caafimaad oo aan ku filnayn tirada iyo tayada: Waxa jirta hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid tirada xirfadlayaasha caafimaadka ee leh khibradda daryeelka degdegga ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, daryeelayaasha hadda jira waxay la tacaalayaan culeys shaqo iyo tababar la’aan.
Tababar la’aan iyo xirfad yari: Shaqaalaha caafimaadka intooda badan ma helaan fursado joogto ah oo lagu barayo maaraynta xaaladaha degdegga ah, taasoo si gaar ah u wiiqeysa la tacaalidda xaaladaha halista ah ee ku yimaada bukaannada.
Caqabadahaan waxay sababaan in bukaanada leh xaalado degdeg ah sida shilalka, wadne istaagga, ama dhiigbax maskaxeed ay lumiyaan fursadda noloshooda lagu badbaadin karo.
📊 Aragti oo Ku Saabsan Cimriga dadka Soomaaliya
Mid ka mid ah cabbirrada muhiimka ah ee lagu qiimeeyo guusha nidaamka caafimaadka qaran waa celceliska cimriga dadka. Celceliska cimriga dadka Soomaaliyeed wuxuu ka mid yahay kuwa ugu hooseeya adduunka – isagoo ah 56 sano, taasoo dhigeysa inuu yahay dalka 3-aad ee ugu cimri gaaban dunida, sida laga soo xigtay World Bank (2022). Soomaaliya waxa ay ka mid tahay 12-ka waddan ee kaliya ee celceliska cimriga dadkoodu uu ka hooseeyo 60 sano.
Arrintan ayaa si toos ah ula xiriirta xaaladda liidata ee adeegyada daryeelka degdegga ah iyo guud ahaan nidaamka caafimaadka. Marka daryeelka degdegga ah uu noqdo mid aan la heli karin ama tayo ahaan hooseeya, nolosha dadku way gaabataa (taas macnaheedu waxaa waaye dadka soomaaliyeed waxay u dhintaan waxyaabo laga hortagi karo haddii ay helaan daryeelka deg degga ay u baahnaayeen). Dhimashada waxay si gaar ah u saameeysaa:
1. Haweenka iyo hooyooyinka uurka leh ama dhalaya
2. Dhallaanka iyo ilmaha yar yar
3. Dadka qaba xaalado caafimaad oo degdeg ah ama kusoo bood ah
Dhimashada xilli hore iyo naafoobidda joogtada ah ee ka dhalata xaalado caafimaad oo aan helin daryeel degdeg ah ayaa qeyb weyn ka qaadata celceliska cimriga gaaban ee dadka Soomaaliyeed.
🩺 Si guud, maxaa sababa dhimashada dadka Soomaaliyeed ee aan helin Emergency and Critical Care?
🩺 Si gaar ah maxaa Sababa dhimashadan?
Sida lagu caddeeyay warbixinta Global Burden of Disease (GBD, 2019), cudurrada ugu badan ee sababa dhimashada dadka Soomaaliyeed waa kuwa degdeg ah u baahan daryeel. Cudurradaas waxaa kamid ah:
Xanuunka Wadnaha (Ischaemic Heart Disease)
Caabuqyada Neefmareenka Hoose (Lower Respiratory Infections)
Shuban (Diarrhoeal Diseases)
Dhiigfurnaanta Maskaxda (Stroke)
Shilalka Waddooyinka (Road Injuries)
Cudurradan waxay si dhakhso ah u keeni karaan dhimasho haddii aan helin daryeel caafimaad oo degdeg ah. Marka xarumaha caafimaadka aysan haysan qalab iyo xirfado ku filan, fursadda lagu badbaadin karo nolosha bukaan kasta oo xaalad degdeg ah qaba way yaraanaysaa.
SABABAHA UGU WAA WEYN EE SABABA DHIMASHADA HOOYADA IYO DHALLAANKA CUSUB EE SOOMAALIYA
Sababaha ugu waaweyn ee sida tooska ah u sababa dhimashada hooyada ee Soomaaliya waxaa kamid ah dhiig-bax xad dhaaf ah, cadaadiska dhiigga oo sareeya (hypertension), iyo caabuqyada (sepsis). Dhinaca kalena, in ka badan 80% dhimashada dhallaanka cusub waxay sabab u yihiin uurqaadmo aan dhammayn (prematurity), neef-qabatiin ku dhaca cunugga xilliga dhalmada (asphyxia), dhibaatooyin ku dhaca intii lagu jiray dhalmada, ama caabuqyada sida oof-wareenka (pneumonia), shuban-biyoodka (diarrhea), jadeecada (measles), iyo cudurrada kale ee ku dhaca dhallaanka cusub (UNICEF, 2023).
📉 Saameynta Dhaqaale iyo Bulsho ee Daryeelka Degdegga ah ee Liita Emergency and Critical Care
Marka nidaamka daryeelka degdegga ah uu xumaado ama uusan jirinba, saameynta ma ahan kaliya caafimaad. Waxay leedahay culeys weyn oo dhaqaale iyo bulsho:
Khasaaro dhaqaale oo qoysaska ku yimaada: Dad badan ayaa bixinaya qarashaad fara badan oo aan laga helin wax daryeel caafimaad ah. Tani waxay sababi kartaa in qoysaska ay u gudbaan heerar faqri oo daran.
Kalsooni-darro ku timaadda nidaamka caafimaadka: Bulshada ayaa lumisa kalsoonida ay ku qabto xarumaha caafimaadka, waxayna u leexdaan dawo dhaqameedyo aan cilmi ku saleysneyn ama ay u safraan dalal kale si ay u helaan adeeg caafimaad.
🎯 Maxaa Lagula Taliyaa?
Cilmi-baarayaasha daraasaddan fuliyeey iyo WHO waxay si cad u soo jeediyeen talooyin lagu hagaajin karo nidaamka ECC ee Soomaaliya:
✅ 1. Dhismaha Nidaam Emergency and Critical Care ECC oo Qaran ah:
Dowladdu waa in ay dejisaa qorshe qaran oo nidaamsan oo loogu talagalay bixinta adeegyada degdegga ah, gaar ahaan in gobollada laga hirgeliyo qaybo ECC oo shaqeynaya 24/7.
✅ 2. Qalabeyn Casri ah:
Isbitaallada waa in lagu qalabeeyaa agabka aasaasiga ah sida ventilators, oxygen supply, ECG, ultrasound iyo defibrillators. Tani waxay si toos ah u badbaadin kartaa nolosha dad badan.
✅ 3. Tababar Shaqaale oo quseeya Emergency and Critical Care:
Waa muhiim in la sameeyo barnaamijyo tababar joogto ah oo lagu horumarinayo xirfadaha shaqaalaha caafimaadka ee ku sugan degmooyinka iyo gobollada.
✅ 4. Qaybaha ECC oo lagu daro isbitaallada cusub iyo kuwa jira:
Waxaa muhiim ah in dhammaan isbitaallada waaweyn iyo kuwa dhexe laga hirgeliyo qeybta daryeelka degdegga ah.
🔚 Gabagabo
Daraasadda cusub ee sanadkan 2025 waxay si murugo leh u muujisay heerka hoose ee adeegyada daryeelka degdegga ah ee Soomaaliya. Caqabadaha jira waa kuwo culus, balse waxaa jiro fursado badan oo horumar lagu sameyn karo haddii la helo qorshe qaran oo dhab ah, maalgelin joogto ah, iyo ka go’naansho siyaasadeed.
Si aan u yareyno dhimashada aan loo baahnayn, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in dowladda, hay’adaha samafalka, xirfadlayaasha caafimaadka, iyo bulshada Soomaaliyeed ay gacmaha is qabsadaan. Kaliya sidaas ayaa lagu gaari karaa Soomaaliya leh nidaam daryeel caafimaad oo degdeg ah oo casri ah, waxtar leh, oo badbaadiya nolosha dadkeeda – gaar ahaan hooyooyinka, dhallaanka, iyo bukaanka la kulma xaalado degdeg ah.
🔗 Xigashooyin ku saabsan Emergency and Critical Care:
Njiru, H.N., Relan, P., Malik, S.M.M.R. et al. Emergency and critical care services in Somalia: a cross-sectional nationwide hospital assessment using the WHO Hospital Emergency Unit assessment tool. BMC Emerg Med 25, 89 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01234-8
Global Burden of Disease. Seattle, WA: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 2019. http://www.healthdata.org/gbd/2019
Chang CY, Abujaber S, Reynolds TA, Camargo CA Jr, Obermeyer Z. Burden of emergency conditions and emergency care usage: new estimates from 40 countries. Emerg Med J. 2016;33(11):794–800. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2016-205709
UNICEF. (2023). Maternal & Newborn Health Country Profile SOMALIA. https://www.healthynewbornnetwork.org/hnn-content/uploads/Somalia-country-profile_March2023.pdf
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